When to use SER and ESTAR: GCSE Spanish Revision

As we only have one verb that means ‘to be’ in English, being presented with two (that are both irregular) when we start learning Spanish is initially confusing, not least because they are applied in different ways with different meanings. So, knowing when to use SER and ESTAR, and the differences between them, is vital for your Spanish study no matter how advanced a level you are at. This is due to the fact that for non-native speakers, it is not always obvious which of the verbs is appropriate in everyday scenarios, despite the commonness with which they appear.

Of course, solid knowledge of when to use SER and ESTAR is extremely important for GSCE Spanish students, as the reading, writing and speaking exams will frequently require you to demonstrate your ability in dealing with them correctly in an array of tenses. Therefore, a major key in Spanish study is to learn the general rules of thumb surrounding the uses of these verbs, and to practice regularly in order to become as comfortable as possible in this regard.

Having these basic rules as second nature will provide an excellent core for your revision, and will give you an ideal point of reference when exploring these verbs more deeply. So, see below for a breakdown of the recognisable situations that will show you when to use SER and ESTAR, as demonstrated by simple sentences in the indicative present tense.

Verb Tables

SER

Yo	soy	I am
Tú	eres	you are (sing.)
El/Ella	es	he/she/it is
Nosotros	somos	we are
Vosotros	sois	you are (pl.)
Ellos/Ellas	son	they are

ESTAR

Yo	estoy	I am
Tú	estás	you are (sing.)
El/Ella	está	he/she/it is
Nosotros	estamos	we are
Vosotros	estáis	you are (pl.)
Ellos/Ellas	están	they are

When to use SER and ESTAR

SER

• The most common use of ser is in basic sentences is simply to connect and equate nouns and pronouns.

  For example:

  He wants to be a Police Officer

  Quiere ser un policía

  or

  The pizza is homemade

  La pizza es casera




• You will know to use ser instead of estar if you are descibing characteristics or qualities that can be identified as being inherent, permanent or essential, such as nationality, age, physpical descriptors, personality descriptors, colours and materials, and shape and size.

  For example:

  The block of flats is very tall

  El bloque residencial es muy alto

  or

  We are from Argentina

  Somos de Argentina




• Ser is used when talking about possession.

  For example:

  It’s my computer

  Es mi ordenador

  or

  You are his daughter

  Eres su hija




• If you are discussing when or where an event takes place, you can use ser. Ser is also used when telling the time.

  For example:

  The award ceremony is in two hours

  El asignación de premios es en dos horas

  or

  It’s eleven o’clock

  Son las once




• If you are talking about how much something costs using ‘to be’, you use ser.

  For example:

  It’s six pounds, sir

  Son seis libras, señor

ESTAR

• The most common use of estar is when describing states and conditions, including moods and feelings. In simplified terms, if ser can be said to describe permanent things, estar can be said to describe temporary things.

  For example:

  My colleague is ill today

  Mi compañero está enfermo hoy

  or

  Excuse me, but my food is cold

  Disculpe, pero mi comida está fría




• Another very common instance that requires estar is when talking about location. This can be confusing, because describing where events ‘are’, in the sense of taking place, can be done with ser – e.g. the meeting is in the office = el reunión es en la oficina. However, otherwise describing the locations of places, objects and people, always uses estar.

  For example:

  Where are the scissors?

  ¿Dónde están las tijeras?

  or

  I am in Lanzarote at the moment

  Estoy en Lanzarote por el momento




• To finish, estar is used when talking about being in agreement/disagreement.

  For example:

  We agree with you

  Estamos de acuerdo contigo

For a complete guide to GCSE Spanish, learning the easiest ways to score 100%, check out our brand new GCSE Spanish is Easy revision guide.




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